Regenerative medicine has brought new hope to many medical problems such as aging, organ damage and degenerative diseases, etc. In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka, a Japanese scientist, successfully reversed fully differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with pluripotent status by transducing transcription factors enriched in embryonic stem cells (Sox2, Klf4, Oct4 and c-Myc), a process known as reprogramming of somatic cells, for which he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Shinya Yamanaka was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his successful reversal of fully differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with pluripotent status, a process known as reprogramming of somatic cells.

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